Articles of Confederation Revolutionary War Essay Sample free essay sample

Since the time the Revolutionary war. America had become a free state. Of class. they required a national specialists to keep up things all together. Not terrible, but not great either. the Articles of Confederation was made as the primary exertion of a national specialists. In a partnership. the regions. keep up their sway. be that as it may, they consolidate in a co-ordinated way to cover with specific issues. This independency of each political region is viewed as the main preferred position and boss burden of a collusion. Since the time the Articles of Confederation. numerous employments had happened. For delineation. there were a clump of dept occupations. For example, taking care of the advances specialists had obtained. what's more, the cash to keep up a standing ground powers. Other than every territory had only had one voting form. also, that every region needed to hold for a law to be passed. So at that place wasn’t really a dispersion for casting a ballot power. Be that as it may, in vindictiveness of the considerable number of employments. We will compose a custom exposition test on Articles of Confederation: Revolutionary War Essay Sample or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page the Articles of Confederation held a few triumphs. In this example. it was the Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance. which made regional specialists. In this manner. the Articles of Confederation wasn’t that strong. however, in some issue was viable in work trip the occupations that stood up to the new state. One ground that the Articles of Confederation were non efficacious in work trip the occupations is that. it didn’t permit the national specialists income upgrade. The specialists can’t back up the state. in the event that it didn’t can put income upgrades on imported products. For outline. there were numerous Americans who had battled during the war. also, provided merchandise to the ground powers. They were given credit affirmations which had made them pause. where in no time the Congress can repay them. in any case, they fizzled. The Congress had owed 34 million to Americans and 10 million to outside pioneers. The little cash that the Congress made went to remote pioneers. Be that as it may, the Americans despite everything needed to hold up with the confirmations. To work out the activity. it was mentioned that there ought to be 5 percent income upgrade on products. so they can accomplish more cash. However, under the Articles of Confederation. the statute is that each region needed to hold. for the law to be passed. Indeed, even the mass had casted a ballot yes. Rhode Island was the solitary area. out of 13 areas. that had differ to this request. so the statute couldn’t base on balls. Thusly. the state had gotten genuinely imbalanced. what's more, precarious. Another activity was that the lack of troopers. the United States had. Due to the feeble fundss. what's more, the little force the Congress had. the Continental ground powers wasn’t rewarded that incredible. Under the Articles of Confederation. the Congress had the approval to arrange a Navy. furthermore, the areas could develop boats to fight privateness. Congress could other than set up a ground powers. in any case, it needed to build up on area populace and allocated by territory populace. In this way employments rose. There was supplement and vesture lacking. what's more, fillips and prizes vowed to the fighters were neer to the full paid. The Congress had vowed to permit them a long lasting benefits bing half there pat one time the war was finished. be that as it may, the guarantee was broken. By reason for every one of these employments. everything had prompted Americans military power only holding less than 700 troopers. In portion. the national movement couldn’t genuinely help. in view of the monetary employments. Despite the fact that the under the Articles of Confederation. US had seen numerous employments. it despite everything had a couple of accomplishments. In this example. the death of Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance. Congress had passed the Land Ordinance of 1785 to set up request in the West. The guideline had organized that new western towns were to be 30 six detail mis square. with one square detail mi put in a safe spot for schools. Every single open land were to sold to the most noteworthy bidders. turn excursion all Americans the chance to relocate and settle in the West. The Congress had later passed the Northwest Regulation of 1787 to set up a method for recognizing these locale to the Union as regions. Each region was to be represented by Congress until it had 5. 000 free while male. At that point pioneers could cast a ballot whether to go an enduring area on equivalent as the various areas in the Union. In this way it was a triumph towards the state in light of the fact that the two guidelines had made regional specialists. set up conventions for the induction of new regions. the division of land into utile units. furthermore, put in a safe spot land in every township for open utilization. The Unites regions cardinal specialists was genuinely feeble under the Articles of Confederation. Regardless of whether it had victories, for example, the Land Ordinance and the Northwest Ordinance. there were a bigger number of failings than victories. The state had been going through numerous employments like. non having the option to income improvement. They had issue taking care of outside loaners. what's more, a few Americans. Other than they couldn’t keep up a solid standing ground powers in view of the way they got rewarded. scarcely any supplement and array. because of financial employments. The specialists was insecure. imbalanced. furthermore, out of topographic point. Numerous individuals started to dissent. in any case, the National specialists couldn’t do anything. So prior or along these lines. because of the reality of alarm of uprisings brought about by the individuals. the Articles of Confederation was in no time supplanted by the Constitution. Accordin gly the Articles of Confederation weren’t as strong in work excursion the employments the state had.

Public Intellectual Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Open Intellectual - Essay Example His huge commitment in strict, monetary, social and political issues was extraordinary. Nelson Mandela like numerous different savvy people was a legislator whose validity can never be forgotten about when composing the historical backdrop of South Africa and Africa overall. His administration, modesty and persistence, commitment and mental fortitude, love for mankind and reasonableness are model qualities that gives him credit as one of the world’s most noteworthy open brains. Mandela’s initiative characteristics rank him among the world most prominent. His political mind and financial vision compare him with Abraham Lincoln, Martin Luther King and Winston Churchill. Mandela was a pioneer committed to his comrades and organized their opportunity and government assistance than his own life (Maanga, 97). In the battle for South Africa’s autonomy, he drove the ANC as a youngster to free his nation from the hands of the pilgrim powers. Much after freedom and his multi year term as the leader of South Africa, he despite everything indicated the attributes that made him champion as a pioneer and father of the country. As indicated by some well known pioneers in South Africa, for example, Oliver Tambo, Mandela was a motivation chief who might forfeit his life for his kin. He was an image of solidarity among the Africans in the battle for opportunity and against politically-sanctioned racial segregation (Maanga, 98). Mandela had the quietude and tirelessness characteristics essential for a pioneer. Like Martin Luther King in the battle against prejudice in America, Mandela’s modesty in battle against politically-sanctioned racial segregation is valued. He persevered through troublesome circumstances including twenty-seven years detainment looking for the opportunity of his South African siblings and sisters (Maanga, 97). The detainment assumed a significant job of reinforcing his require the annihilation of politically-sanctioned racial segregation and opportunity of the individuals of color. It is such characters of lowliness and duty to his course

Regulation of Human Skin Pigmentation

Guideline of Human Skin Pigmentation Presentation In the human body, the skin is the biggest organ, with it being a muddled epithelial and mesenchymal tissue. It comprises of an epidermis which is multilayered just as structures, for example, sebaceous and sweat organs, hair follicles, a dermis comprising of flexible and collagen strands. There is likewise a layer of subcutaneous fat. There has been a revelation of more than 1000 malady substances engaged with the skin, for example, dermatitis, psoriasis, melanoma and urticaria. Around 15% of a human grown-ups all out body weight is represented by the skin with a surface zone of roughly 2m2. The skin comprises of three layers; the epidermis, the dermis and the hypodermis. The external layer of the skin is known as the epidermis, which is a delineated squamous epithelium , where 95% of its cells are keratinocytes. The rest of the cells in the epidermis are the melanocytes, merkel and langerhans cells. The job of the epidermis is to give a guard boundary against conditions of a cold nature. The epidermis can be separated into four layers, all together from external layer to most profound layer; layer corneum (the cornified layer), layer lucidum (the reasonable/translucent layer), layer granulosum (the granular layer), layer spinosum (the spinous layer) and the layer basale (the basal layer) . There is a solitary layer of keratinocytes in the basal layer, where little girl cells can be delivered by them to terminal separation by means of expansion, bringing about the shaping of the cornified layer , which can take around 40 days, anyway this can be shorter in different illnesses, such psoriasis. Around ten layers of corneocytes that are smoothed make up the cornified layer . From the neural peak, dendritic cells can be determined which are known as melanocytes, which are additionally found in the basal layer. Melanosomes, which are subcellular organelles, transport melanin, which are integrated by melanocytes, to the neighboring basal keratinocytes. So as to forestall mischief to the cores of the basal keratinocytes from bright radiation, a melanin top is shaped by the melanosomes. Melanosome size and number, just as melanins nature decide skin shading or pigmentation. Langerhans cells are gotten from the bone marrow and are antigen introducing dendritic cells establishes in the epidermis. Tangible data is transmitted from the skin to the tactile nerves by merkel cells found in the epidermis . The dermis is the layer underneath the epidermis, and its thickness relies upon the zone of the body. For instance, on the eyelid, the dermis is slender, while the dermis is thick on a people back. The dermis comprises of two layers; the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. The papillary dermis is in contact with the cellar film zone, which gives bond between the epidermis and dermis, where skin rankling can happen because of deformities. Veins just as tangible nerve endings are lavishly provided to the papillary dermis. The reticular dermis is in contact with the hypodermis and is the fundamental segment of the dermis. Interstitial segments, for example, versatile and collagen strands, and cell segments, for example, fibroblasts and plasma and pole cells, are what make up the creation of the dermis. Collagen represents around 70% of the dermis dry weight , where types I and III are prevalent. The dominating cell type, be that as it may, is fibroblasts in the dermis, which are gotten from the mesenchyme. The hypodermis is the most profound layer of the skin comprising of lipocytes. The capacity of the hypodermis is to associate the skin deep down and muscle, in this manner providing the bone with nerves and veins. The plan of these is in fat lobules, where the sinewy septae isolates one from another. The association between the dermis and the hypodermis is fortified by fiber packages initially from the dermis. Around 80% of the whole muscle versus fat is found inside the hypodermis in those people who are not corpulent . As quickly referenced already, melanocytes work is reliant upon for pigmentation. These phones from melanoblasts during embryological improvement. Each basal melanocyte is associated practically to the dermal fibroblasts just as to the basal keratinocytes. These three cell types interface and speak with one another so as to direct the skins phenotype and capacity through the discharged components and receptors notwithstanding cell to cell contact . Undeveloped cell keratinocytes and basal melanocytes has a moderate multiplication rate in typical conditions, anyway the upper basal keratinocytes have a much quick expansion rate, which conveys them towards the skins surface close by the ingested melanin subsequently shaping a hindrance. In this manner the skins shading isn't embodied by just the melanin found in melanocytes, yet additionally in a combination with color found in the shallow layers of the skin . Right now, pigmentation is known to be managed in an immediate or aberrant manner by more than 125 distinct qualities, with this number possibly rising 150-200 in under an additional 100 years. Out of them qualities, the ones whose capacity is comprehended, a great deal of them influence forms that are associated with improvement which are basic for melanoblasts. A few qualities manage melanocytes separation and endurance while others control forms influencing pigmentation. Melanosomes capacities or biogenesis is influenced by more than 25 of the qualities. Some basic chemicals associated with the control of pigmentation incorporate tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP-1) and DCT (DOPAchrometautomerase). On the off chance that these chemicals are changed, melanins which are union could be influenced as far as their amount and quality. Some basic proteins required for the melanosomes to develop basically incorporate Pmel17 and MART1. Transformations in proteins that are assoc iated with the arranging of melanosome proteins can result acquired clutters of hypopigmentary nature . This basic examination will take a gander at in further detail the various kinds of pigmentation, constitutive and facultative, and how they are managed, including the jobs of MC-1R, cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway Agouti Signaling Protein, MITF and bright radiation. Additionally shrouded in this bit of work is CRHs and Þâ ²-endorphins jobs in guideline of human skin pigmentation. Melanin Inside the melanosomes, melanins are blends by means of the recently referenced compounds. The response which restricts the melanogenesis rate becomes catalyzed by tyrosinase, as is tyrosinases hydroxylation bringing about 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA), alongside DOPA oxidizing into DOPAquinone. The oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic corrosive (DHICA) occur in mice due to TRP-1, anyway this equivalent movement doesnt happen in people. DOPAchrome is isomerised into DHICA by DCT. In human, there is creations of two kinds of melanin, eumelanin which is dark or earthy colored and pheomelanin which is yellow or red. Tyrosinase is fundamental for the amalgamation of the two kinds of melanin, while TRP1 and DCT more for the union of eumelanin . With respect to skin pigmentation, there are two sorts; Constitutive pigmentation and Facultative pigmentation. Guideline of Constitutive Pigmentation Contingent on the racial and ethnic foundation of the individual, the shade of human skin changes from very light to amazingly dim. A few significant chaperones, melanin, oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin and carotenoids decide the shade of human skin. In 1954, the main perception was made with respect to the pigmentary arrangement of the skin by Szabo when an immunohistochemical method was utilized to test tyrosinases enzymatic movement through recoloring of tissues , where Caucasian skin was inspected from the outset followed by different shades of skin. Alongside different investigations just as Szabos it was indicated that in various human skin types had comparative melanocytes densities just as dissemination in comparative body zones. They likewise found that there is less melanin content in lighter skin, with melanosomes which are pigmented inadequately being bunched over the cores inside keratinocytes. There is more melanin present in darker skin, with the appropriation of melanosomes that are pigmented intensely being individual in keratinocytes instead of grouped, which builds light ingestion. The thickness of melanocytes is diverse in unmistakable pieces of the body. For instance, the skin on a people palms or soles is lighter in contrast with others parts of the body. Natural components can influence the thickness of constitutive melanocytes in the skin, including bright radiation (UVR), where the thickness can be increment by 3 or multiple times of the standard. Another ecological factor that can expand the thickness are poisonous mixes, for instance hydroquinone, bringing about the decimation of melanocytes. In increment of diminished melanocyte densities, pigmentary clutters which are acquired can result, for instance spots or vitiligo individually . Due to Bcl2s high articulation, epidermal keratinocytes are impervious to apoptosis as they have a moderate multiplication rate in typical conditions. It has been demonstrated that the palms and soles dermis have a significant level of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) discharge which causes the Wnt/Þâ ²-catenin flagging pathway to become restrained by means of the concealment of the development capacity of melanocytes, in this way hindering the melanogenic pathway. This can have impacts on some transcriptional controllers, for instance microphthalmia interpretation factor (MITF), to some downstream melanogenic proteins. Epidermal Keratinocytes likewise become influenced by DKK1 as melanin take-up is reduced, bringing about a skin phenotype which is significantly thicker with less pigmentation . Melanocortin 1 Receptor (MC-1R), which is space receptor of seven transmembranes which ties to master opiomelanocortin peptides because of it being combined with Þâ ±s G-protein , is a significant skin color phenot

Repercussions of an introvert personality Essay Example

Repercussions of a thoughtful person character Essay Example Repercussions of a thoughtful person character Essay Repercussions of a thoughtful person character Essay This report intends to clarify and legitimize the repercussions of a contemplative person character, astoundingly in a vocation which includes open contact. It is done as such by mulling over different components which would influence an individual character. The word character starts from the Greek word persona, which means cover. It is outstandingly fascinating to be proficient about the performance centers of the old Latin-talking world, wherein the cover was not utilized as a plot gadget to camouflage the personality of a character, but instead was a show utilized to speak to or epitomize that character. An individual character might be characterized as the absolute example of trademark perspectives, feeling promotion acting that comprise the people unmistakable technique for identifying with nature (Kagan and Havemann 1976) Personality is an exceptionally extensive idea yet it is extremely individualistic and one of a kind without anyone else. Character of an individual is controlled by the manner in which they see or respond to the world outside them. So as to decipher a character, it is imperative to discover what propels them, contemplate their reasoning procedure, their method of responding to circumstances. The procedure of character consequently incorporates the procedures of observation, inspiration and learning. (Huczynski and Buchanan 1991) Personality, overwhelmingly, are of two outrageous sorts of character; outgoing individual and self observer. Anyway generally there is a third term which is stylish; ambivert, utilized for characters that fall among outgoing individual and self observer. A lay keeps an eye on portrayal of self observers character is depicted as an individual who is bashful, needs social aptitudes, won't talk, is pulled back and antagonistic. Be that as it may, Introversion isn't equivalent to modesty, however thoughtful people may likewise be modest. Contemplative people pick single over social exercises by inclination, though timid individuals keep away from social experiences out of dread. (Whitten 2001) Myers Briggs says a thoughtful person gets vitality from their inward universe of feelings and thoughts. (CIO 1995). Self observers may not really be quiet individuals however individuals who stay quiet by decision. They are once in a while calm, contemplative (intelligent) and acknowledge request. (Huczynski and Buchanan 1991). Thoughtful people have consistently been censured of being forlorn, timid and so on. Its value referencing Marti Laney depiction of a thoughtful person as somebody who is a decent audience, who appreciates time alone, seems quiet and is independent. Self preoccupation isn't equivalent to bashfulness, however thoughtful people may likewise be timid. Loners pick singular over social exercises by inclination, while modest individuals keep away from social experiences out of dread. The different qualities of a loner character have been examined and bantered with different ends. Anyway a couple of qualities are a crucial and can't be neglected as a trademark. The trait of a self observer draws out a procedure of their feelings, considerations, and perceptions inside. Numerous a period contemplative people are seen as social individuals; however uncover not as much as outgoing people do. Self observers take as much time as is needed to think before they react or respond in a given circumstance, and build up their thoughts by reflecting secretly. Thoughtful people character attributes are all in all energetic, however not forceful. So, they are increasingly private, and less open. Anyway at work environment, when chief or a senior requests the status or a clarification for a pending task, it will be viewed as rude with respect to a representative to be quiet. The representative is relied upon to make some noise and be responsible. It is exceptionally exact that a self observer won't be chosen or can't continue work including open contact. Quietness won't be conceded for contemplation of a person. A few self observers arent characteristically modest and can initiate discussions with anybody; they do talk and tune in to individuals. Nonetheless, most thoughtful people abstain from hitting a discussion with somebody. In contrast with out going natured individuals, Introverts come up short on the strategy of talking up without anyone else. Theyd rather have significant discussions about the profundities of human spirits and brains, yet discover scarcely any chances (those arent the typical discussions at work during normal briefings or board room gatherings). While working in an organization any great job including open get in touch with, it is a piece of the typical daily practice to make introductions. Self preoccupation of an individual will make the crowd of the introduction bring up issues on the capacity of the person. This can bring about significant levels of demotivation and can bring about side coating of the representative during introductions.

Definition and Examples of Expletives in English

Definition and Examples of Expletives in English In English language, interjection (articulated EX-pli-tiv, from Latin, to fill) is a customary term for a word, for example, thereâ orâ it-that serves to move the accentuation in a sentence or install one sentence in another. Sometimes called a syntactic exclamation orâ (because the swearword has noâ apparentâ lexical meaning) anâ empty word. There is additionally a subsequent definition. All in all use, a swearword is an exclamatory word or articulation, frequently one that is indecent or disgusting. In the book Expletive Deleted: A Good Look at Bad Language (2005), Ruth Wajnryb calls attention to that exclamations are every now and again articulated without tending to anybody explicitly. In this sense, they are reflexive-that is, turned in on the client. Models and Observations of the First Definition Instead of giving a linguistic or basic significance as the other structure-word classes do, the exclamations once in a while characterized as vacant words-for the most part act basically as administrators that permit us to control sentences in an assortment of ways. (Martha Kolln, Understanding English Grammar, 1998) Full (Content) Words and Empty (Form) Words It is presently commonly acknowledged that the outright terms (full words and emptyâ words) and the unbending division of the polarity are deluding: from one perspective, there is no concurred method of measuring the degrees of completion which exist; then again, the main words which appear to qualify as vacant are the types of be, to, there, and it-however just in sure of their uses, obviously, viz. be as copula, infinitival to, there and it as unstressed subject props. . . . The majority of the words regularly cited as vacant (e.g., of, the) can be appeared to contain meaning, perceptible in wording other than expressing linguistic settings . . .. (David Crystal, English Word Classes. Fluffy Grammar: A Reader,â ed by Bas Aarts et al. Oxford University Press, 2004)I dont trust them, Buttercup thought. There are no sharks in the water and there isâ no blood in his cup. (William Goldman, The Princess Bride, 1973)When youre not here to take a gander at me I need to giggle atâ you r silly powers. (Rosellen Brown, How to Win. The Massachusetts Review, 1975) Itsâ a feel sorry for that Kattie couldnt be here today. (Penelope Fitzgerald, The Bookshop. Gerald Duckworth, 1978)There are just two different ways to carry on with your life. One is just as nothing is a supernatural occurrence. The other is just as everything is a wonder. (credited to Albert Einstein) Interjection Constructions: Stylistic Advice [A] gadget for underlining a specific word (regardless of whether the ordinary supplement or the typical subject) is the purported interjection development, wherein we start the sentence with It is or There is. In this manner, we can compose: It was a book that John gave (or just It was a book). In any case, we can likewise compose, tossing weight on the ordinary subject: It was John who gave the book. . . .Be wary against floating into exclamation or aloof developments. Clearly we accomplish no accentuation if . . . we start a decent 50% of our sentences with It is or There is . . .. All accentuation or heedless accentuation is no accentuation. (Cleanth Brooks and Robert Penn Warren, Modern Rhetoric, third ed. Harcourt, 1972) Models and Observations of Definition #2 Gracious, wow! Oh,â my thoughtful! Gracious, myâ golly! What a close shave! What a close to miss! What favorable luck for our companions! (Roald Dahl, Charlie and the Great Glass Elevator, 1972)Holy mackerel. Youre Aaron Maguires child? Great grief. Good sky. Your familys for all intents and purposes a line in South Bend. Everyone knows theyre floundering in cash. (Jennifer Greene, Blame It on Paris. HQN, 2012)His arms give way and he folds onto the grass, screeching and chuckling and moving down the slope. In any case, he arrives on a firm little thistle branch. Shit buggerâ bloody,â shit buggerâ bloody. (Imprint Haddon, The Red House. Vintage, 2012) Exclamation Deleted (1) Originally, an articulation used to round out a line of stanza or a sentence, without adding anything to the sense. (2) An interposed word, particularly a promise or a swearword. At the hour of the Watergate hearings in the U.S. during the 1970s, during the administration of Richard Nixon, the expression exclamation erased happened much of the time in the transcript of the White House tapes. The association among unique and determined importance is trapped in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1987), clarifying the interjection utilization of f-ing as a modifier in I got my f-ing foot trapped in the f-ing entryway: it is utilized as a practically unimportant expansion to discourse. Here, it is useless at the degree of thoughts yet barely at the degree of feeling. (R. F. Ilson, Expletive. The Oxford Companion to the English Language. Oxford University Press, 1992) Infixes The spots where exclamations might be embedded, as an issue of accentuation, are firmly identified with (yet not really indistinguishable from) the spots where a speaker may pause. Expletives areâ normally situated at word limits (at positions which are the limit forâ grammaticalâ word and furthermore for phonological word). In any case, there are exemptions for example the sergeant-majors fight that I wont have no more insu blood appointment from you parcel or such things as Cindy wicked rella . . .. McCarthy (1982) shows that swearwords may just be situated preceding a stressedâ syllable. What was one unit currently becomes two phonological words (and the swearword is a further word).(R.M.W. Dixon and Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald, Words: A Typological Framework. Word: A Cross-Linguistic Typology, ed. by Dixon and Aikhenvald. Cambridge University Press, 2003)

Is Neuroticism Interfering With Your Relationships

Is Neuroticism Interfering With Your Relationships Theories Personality Psychology Print How Neuroticism Affects Your Behavior By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Updated on February 06, 2020 Getty / BSIP / UIG More in Theories Personality Psychology Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology In This Article Table of Contents Expand Prevalence Traits Causes Behavior Relationships Coping View All Back To Top Do you struggle with neuroticism? Neuroticism is one of the Big Five personality traits, along with extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and agreeableness (OCEAN or CANOE are the acronyms sometimes used to remember these traits). These broad categories reflect enduring personality traits that have been identified as common ways of categorizing across individuals. This concept has roots in Freudian times but was later expanded upon by Hans Eysenck and others. It has come to be known as the trait reflecting emotional stability or the tendency to become easily aroused when stimulated (or the inability to calm oneself down easily when upset or worried). Costa and McCrae and others later defined neuroticism as a negative personality trait involving maladjustment and negative emotions, poor self-regulation or the ability to manage urges, trouble dealing with stress, strong reaction to perceived threat, and the tendency to complain. Thus, overall, neuroticism has been defined as the tendency to experience negative emotion. Prevalence of Neuroticism Neuroticism is generally measured using self-report questionnaires as part of a personality assessment. It might also involve asking other people such as friends and family who know a person well about their personality characteristics. Because neuroticism is a dimension and not a diagnosis, prevalence rates of neurotic personality are not reported as they are for diagnosable mental disorders. Instead, each person falls on a continuum of the range of neuroticism from very low to very high. In other words, we all exist on a spectrum from one end to the other when it comes to being neurotic in our behavior. Common Neurotic Traits What are the common neurotic traits? People who fall high on the spectrum of neuroticism tend to show the following characteristics: overall tendency toward negative emotionsfeels of anxiety or irritabilitypoor emotional stabilityfeelings of self-doubtfeelings of being self-conscious or shysadness, moodiness, depressioneasily stressed or upset, unable to handle stress welldramatic shifts in how you are feelinglack of resilience or struggling to bounce back after adversitychronic worrying about a variety of thingstendency to interpret neutral situations as threateningtendency to view minor problems as overwhelmingdifficulty controlling urges or emotions in the momenteasily becoming jealous or feeling envy about what others havetrouble with frustration or anger about everyday occurrencesfeelings of fear or guilt over minor things Causes of Neuroticism What are the causes of neuroticism? We know that the trait appears to be universal across cultures so it likely has biological origins. In fact, some argue that neuroticism may have an evolutionary explanation, and that in some respects being hypersensitive to danger or threats could offer a survival advantage. How Evolutionary Psychology Explains Human Behavior There is also some evidence that neuroticism may be correlated with the startle reflex. The startle reflex is a response to a loud noise. This suggests that individuals who are high in neuroticism may be genetically wired to naturally react more strongly to outside stimuli. How Neuroticism Affects Behavior How does neuroticism affect behavior? Both positive and negative outcomes of neuroticism have been observed. As mentioned previously, neuroticism may help individuals to succeed or survive because they have a tendency to pay more attention to negative outcomes or risks. For example, there is evidence that when neuroticism is managed, it might predict student success at university. On the other hand, neuroticism may have negative effects on behavior if you are unable to manage feelings of worry. In the worst-case scenario, neuroticism may lead to secondary mental health issues such as depression or anxiety. In fact, we know that those high on the spectrum of neuroticism are at greater risk for mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. A 2013 meta-analysis showed that a large range of clinical mental disorders are related to higher levels of neuroticism compared to individuals without elevated levels of neuroticism.??? In general, people who are high on neuroticism react with quick arousal to situations and take a long time to get back to their baseline level. In other words, these individuals live with emotional instability and trouble regulating their behaviors as a result. How Neuroticism Affects Relationships How does neuroticism affect relationships? There are a number of negative impacts of neuroticism on the personal relationships of those who have elevated levels of this trait. Lets consider each of these in turn. Annoying to Others Perhaps the most obvious complaint of those who know people who are high in neuroticism is that their behavior can become annoying to others who are in relationships with that person. For example, a neurotic person might have a tendency to do the following things that could grate on the nerves of those around them: having a tendency to complainbeing critical of other peopleconstantly asking for reassurancebeing overly dependent on others or asking for help instead of figuring things out for yourselfbeing a drama queen or making mountains out of molehills Passing on Worries If you are high in neuroticism and have children, you might inadvertently pass on your worrying behavior to your children through modeling it to them. For example, if you tell your child that they cant play at the park because they might fall and hurt themselves, they will learn that all situations are dangerous and that they need to be watchful for threats at all times. Getting in Conflicts Being high in neuroticism can also lead to conflict with others. For example, if you become enraged over minor mistakes, such as if someone cuts you off while you are driving, then you might end up in a conflict with others. If minor problems send you over the edge, you might yell or become angry at the people you feel have caused you stress. Some people high in neuroticism might also accuse other people of doing things out of their own worry. For example, you might accuse your spouse of cheating without any evidence, thus driving them away from you. Also, if you obsess over minor details and have trouble with perfectionism, then you might not complete tasks that other people ask you to do, thereby creating tension and conflict. Appearing Unreliable If you constantly fly off the handle, people will eventually learn that they cant rely on you to be stable. They will feel as though they cant count on you, if you are going to panic at the sign of the smallest threat. In other words, if your low tolerance for stress means that any little thing can ruin your day, people will decide that you are not the person to give the job promotion to or the one that they want to spend their life with. Feeling Guilty Being highly neurotic can also lead you to feeling guilty about things that are not your fault. If you apologize for every little mistake or obsess about things youve done long after its necessary to worry about them, you may start to push people away. While you might feel as though this guilt is necessary or helpful, its actually hurting your relationships. Coping with Neuroticism How can you cope if you live with a high level of neuroticism? The first step is to recognize that your personality can shift over time. As people age and experience different life events, they may experience shifts, although your biology will still influence your natural tendencies. That being said, if you are truly struggling with feelings of neuroticism and neurotic behavior, you might benefit from therapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to help you manage worry or mindfulness to help you manage emotions and stay in the present moment. Some things you can do on your own include working on practicing daily gratitude so that small annoyances can be viewed from the big picture, as well as engaging in a daily meditation practice. A Word From Verywell Its important to keep in mind that having a high level of neuroticism doesnt make you a bad person. If you have a natural tendency toward neurotic behavior, the best thing you can do is to accept the situation and then work on making the best of it. The positive side of the equation is that it means you are sensitive and aware in a way that some others might not be. You are also likely to be the one who is always looking out for other people and trying to be sensitive to their feelings. If you can combine these positives with some inner work to learn how to better manage your negative thoughts and emotions, then you can channel your neurotic behavior in the best possible direction so that it serves you rather than detracts from you. In other words, learn your strengths and capitalize on them while at the same time working to mitigate the effects of your weaknesses.

A Pivotal Moment - Literature Essay Samples

In the lives of all, one will inevitably have a figure or figures in their lives to whom he or she looks up to. This may be a parent, educator, older sibling, or even peer. While it is always beneficial to have role models, at one point or another, an individual must grow up and take the spot that he or she was filling for oneself. These role models cannot and will not continually provide wisdom, guidance, and assistance for ones entire life. Therefore, there must be a pivotal moment when the impressed is no longer under the molding of the impressor. He or she must grow up. This type of impressed and impressor relationship may be seen in the playMaster Harold and the Boys, authored by Athol Fugard, between Hally and Sam. Towards the closing of the piece, an argument occurs in which Hally recognizes that he cannot always look up to Sam. He experiences an epiphany wherein he must finally grow up and out of his boyish ways. This conflict, in a nutshell, is Hallys pivotal moment. Throughout the play, flashbacks through storytelling occur wherein Hally and Sam reflect on memories with another; ones that often have stemmed from Hallys family life. It is understood that not only is Hallys father is sick, but also a habitual alcoholic. Throughout the course of his upbringing, he was forced to care for his father and essentially be the man of the house. The only exception to this was when Hally was with Sam, a black South African worker. With Sam, Hally was able to maintain his childhood. Sam preserved the boy’s childhood through chess, kites, and hiding (from his mother). Therefore, upon hearing that Hallys father would be returning home, his childhood is ripped away once again. This time, at seventeen, for good. Being that he is an intelligent boy, he comprehends the implications of his father returning. He may no longer be a boy; he can no longer associate with Sam, Willie, or other black South Africans; he must not let his father see how little respect he demands from this uneducated and lesser men. He must become a man to not only please his father but also impress him. Hally attempts to accomplish these things through the argument with Sam. He rationalizes that if he can mangle and distort the relationship, ignoring it will be much simpler for him. In Hallys eyes, this transformation will undeniably redeem him. It will undeniably make his father love him. If spitting in the face of his only friend and father figure will gain the respect of his father, he will do it. In each and all situations, one will choose the respect and admiration of an authority figure. It will never matter the relationship with the former man. An individual will always step into a role that places him or her in a better light with one that may have power over them. Sam has no hold over Hally; both of these men understand this simple fact. Therefore, the breaking of the relationship is justified in Hally’s mind. He knows that through this argument, he will not lose any respect or power from those who can take it away. Sam does not have any social or economic standing with those who matter in this skewed, racist society. If severing ties with Sam will, in the end, benefit Hallys relationship with those in power, he does not recognize the fault in do ing so. As stated above, while Hallys relationship with his father is mangled, he continues to desire to impress him. His father has more power and respect than anyone else in this boys eyes. This fact allows him to easily grant power and authority to his son. As Hally argues with Sam, he comprehends the importance of this power, this authority. He shifts drastically in order to fill a role set before him by his father. As assumed this role is one with no place for Sam. Therefore, Sam and Hally must not have a relationship. They both see Hally growing until he no longer fits in the mold Same impressed on him. He cannot and will not fit into the old shoes of his boyhood. There is no longer any time to be playing with kites as Sam so deeply yearns for. Instead, Harold, not Hally, must pull on new shoes to fill the role of a white man in South Africa wielding power and authority as his father desires him to.

Monsters and Mythical Creatures of Ancient Egypt

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Mr. P, A 27 Year Old African American Man - 1308 Words

Case Study Mr. P, a 27-year-old African American man, was brought to the emergency department (ED) by his wife. The patient reported polyuria for the past three days, few episodes of vomiting prior to arrival and polydipsia. On assessment, the patient appears flushed, and his lips and mucous membranes are dry and cracked. His skin turgor is very poor. He has deep, rapid respirations and there is an acetone smell to his breath. He is alert and oriented X 2 and is having trouble focusing on the questions. The wife reported Mr. P was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus 6 months ago. Additionally, he had the flu for one week with increased vomiting and anorexia and stopped taking insulin three days ago because he was unable to eat. Mr. P’s vital signs and diagnostic studies are as follows: Blood glucose level 700mg/dL, Blood Pressure 90/60mm Hg, Heart Rate 128 beats/min, Respiratory Rate 34 breaths/min, Temperature 100.8 F, Serum pH 7.26, Serum HCO3 10 mEq/L, BUN 40 and Creatinine 3.5. Pathophysiology DKA is presented with three major physiological disturbances which are hyperosmolality due to hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis because of the buildup of ketoacids, and hypovalemia from osmotic diuresis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is caused by a profound deficiency of insulin, its most likely occur in people with type 1 diabetes, inadequate insulin dosage, poor self management, undiagnosed type 1 diabetes, illnesses and infections. 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The Three Faces of Eve and dissociative identity disorder

Although dissociative identity disorder (formerly called multiple personality disorder) is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose, it seems to be awfully popular with numerous Hollywood interpretations. The Three Faces of Eve does a fairly admirable job of conveying the disorder even though information defining the illness was (and still is) limited at the time the movie was made. Eve White, Eve Black, and Jane, all played by Joanne Woodward, had distinct personalities. Eve White was the quiet, submissive homemaker who loved her husband and adored her little girl. She had very little personality and was displayed as being in a depressed state. Eve Black, on the other hand, was Mrs. Whites polar opposite. She was flirtatious, enjoyed an†¦show more content†¦It is easy to tell when Ms. Black is being portrayed with her change in clothes, makeup and flirtatious behavior in certain scenes, but when the actual switch is occurring on camera, the film makers had to have a way of ensuring the audience would be able to catch on. This brings up the methodology used in the treatment of the patient. There are many possible treatments that are available, including relaxation therapy, cognitive modification, drugs and sedatives, and hypnotherapy. The later of these causes great debates among the psychological community and is denounced by many, yet it is the therapy of choice in the film. Hypnosis, though used by so few psychologists and psychiatrists, seems to be among the top used therapies in movies. Though the process used in this particular film to place the patient in a hypnotic state seems to be more realistic than those used in many other movies, it is still lacking. The process of placing oneself or another person in a hypnotic state is a fairly intense procedure of relaxation. Though, like the movie portrays, counting (backwards or forwards) is often used in hypnosis, it frequently is preceded by a brief, calming story of sorts to clear the patients head and place him/her in a calm state of mind. There may be better, more efficient ways to treat a patient with dissociative identity disorder, but the movie itself would not be nearly as exciting or intriguing toShow MoreRelatedDissociative Identity Disorder And Symptoms944 Words   |  4 Pagespaper explores 3 references. A website about Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), a book about this disorder and a couple of people who suffer from it, and a magazine article about one person that has experienced DID. This research discusses what DID is, it symptoms, what cause it, and two people that had/have this disorder. 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Econ 100a Midterm Free Essays

Econ 100A–Midterm 2 solutions. Thursday, March 22, 2012. True/False (2 questions, 10 points total) Answer true or false and explain your answer. We will write a custom essay sample on Econ 100a Midterm or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your answer must ? t in the space provided. T/F 1. (5 points) Suppose the government wants to place a tax on one of two goods, and suppose that supply is perfectly elastic for both goods. If the government wants to minimize the deadweight loss from a tax of a given size, it should put the tax on whichever good has worse substitutes. False: If the supply curves are identical, the only factor that determines the amount of deadweight loss is the elasticity of demand. Placing the tax on the good that has the lower elasticity of demand will minimize the deadweight loss of the tax. It is true that, holding all else equal, a good without good substitutes will have more inelastic demand than a good with good substitutes. However, this is not the only factor that determines the elasticity of demand. The goods could also di? er in terms of the income e? ect. If the good with worse substitutes happened to be strongly normal while the good with better substitutes was strongly inferior, then the income e? ects might overwhelm the substitution e? cts, causing the good with better substitutes to be more inelastic. T/F 2. (5 points) In a perfectly competitive market with no taxes, if the price consumers are willing to pay for the marginal unit is the same as the price at which producers are willing to produce the marginal unit, then there will be no way to make anyone in the market better o? without making someone else worse o?. True. The price consumers are willing to pay for the marginal unit is the height of the inverse demand curve, and the price at which producers are willing to produce the marginal unit is the height of the inverse supply curve. Thus, when these prices are equal, it must be the case that supply is equal to demand, which is to say, the market is in equilibrium. If the quantity ? rms produce, and consumers consume, is more than the equilibrium quantity, then the ? rms’ cost of production will be greater than the consumers’ willingness to pay, and either consumers will have to pay more than the units are worth to them, making them worse o? , or ? rms will have to receive less than the units cost them, making them worse o? , or both. If the quantity is less than equilibrium, then there will be units not produced or consumed for which the cost of production would have been less than consumers’ willingness to pay, meaning that either ? rms have given up pro? table units, or consumers have given up units that generated consumer surplus, or both. In any case, at least one side of the market will have been made worse o?. Thus, from equilibrium there is no way that either ? rms or consumers can be made better o? without someone being made worse o?. 1 Short Answer (2 questions, 20 points total) Your answer must ? t in the space provided. SA 2. 10 points) Explain what we mean when we say that ? rms in long-run equilibrium are earning zero pro? t even though their owners and investors are making an adequate return on their labor and investments. The statement refers to â€Å"economic pro? t†, which is the di? erence between revenue and opportunity cost. The opportunity cost of the labor of the owner of a ? r m is the wage the owner could have earned if he or she chose not to run the ? rm, but to get a job instead. The opportunity cost of the capital investors invest in a ? rm is the rate of return they could have earned by investing their capital in some other ? m in some other industry. Thus, if the owner of the ? rm receives an amount just equal to the opportunity cost of their labor, and the investors receive an amount just equal to the opportunity cost of their capital, we do not include those amounts in economic pro? t, and the ? rm will be said to be earning zero economic pro? t, even though an accountant would say that both the owner and the investors are making an â€Å"accounting pro? t†. The accounting pro? t earned by the owner and the investors is the amount of money that is just adequate to make them choose to put their labor and capital into the ? m. 2 Problem Solving (2 problems, 50 points total) Problem 1. (26 points total) Consider a perfectly competitive ? rm wi th a production technology 1 1 represented by the production function, y = 10 K 2 + L 2 . Let p, r, and w be the price of the ? rm’s output, the rental rate of capital, and the wage, respectively. (a) (8 points) First let’s consider long-run pro? t maximization. (i) Set up the ? rm’s long-run pro? t maximization problem and compute the ? rm’s pro? tmaximizing demand for labor and capital, and pro? t-maximizing output, as functions of p, r, and w. ii) Is labor a gross complement or a gross substitute for capital, or neither. Prove your answer mathematically and explain what it means. The long-run pro? t maximization problem is, max p  · 10 K,L v K+ v L The ? rst-order conditions are, 5p 5p for L: vL ? w = 0 for K: vK ? r = 0 Solving these for L and K respectively we get L? (p, r, w) = (f rac5pw)2 and K ? (p, r, w) = (f rac5pr)2 . Plugging these pro? t-maximizing levels of capital and labor into the production function we get the pro? t-maximizing output of the ? rm, y ? (p, w, r) = y(K ? , L? ) = 10 5p r 2 , 5p w 2 = 50p r+w rw . To determine whether labor is a gross complement or gross substitute for capital we take the partial derivative of the labor demand function with respect to the rental ? rate of capital, ? L = 0. Since this is zero, labor is neither a gross complement ? r nor a gross substitute for capital. What this means is that when the price of capital changes, the amount of labor the ? rm uses will not change. (b) (8 points) Set up the ? rm’s cost-minimization problem and compute the ? rm’s conditional demand for labor and capital, as functions of y, r, and w. The ? rm’s cost minimization problem is, v min rK + wL K,L K+ L =y ? s. t. 10 Setting up the LaGrangian function, this minimization problem becomes, min rK + wL ? ? 10 v K+ v L ? y ? v K,L,? The ? rst-order conditions are, 5 for L: w ? ? vL = 0 for K: r ? ? v5 = 0 for ? : 10 K the production constraint. v K+ L = y , which is just ? w 2 L. r Taking the ratio of the ? rst two conditions we get this into the production co nstraint we get, 10 3 v vK = w ? r L v v w r L+ L K= Plugging = y ? L? (y; r, w) = ? y2 r 10(r+w) 2 . Plugging this back into the expression for K that we derived earlier 2 w we get, K ? (y; r, w) = y 2 10(r+w) labor and capital respectively. These are the ? rm’s conditional demand for (c) (10 points) Now let’s consider scale and substitution e? ects. Assume that initially the price of the ? rm’s output, p, the rental rate of capital, r, and the wage, w, are all equal to 10. (i) How much labor will the ? rm use at these prices, and how much output will it produce? (ii) Using only the mathematical results you got in parts (a) and (b), compute e? ect of an increase in the rental rate to r = 20. Plugging the given prices into the pro? t-maximizing labor demand and output supply 2 functions from part (a) we get, L? (p, w, r) = 5 ·10 = 25, and y ? p, w, r) = 50  · 10 10 (f rac10 + 1010  · 10) = 100. ? ? you might have plugged the new prices into the ? rmâ€℠¢s supply function to get y ? (10, 10, 20) = 50 ·10 10+20 = 75. If you then plugged this into the 10 ·20 ? rm’s conditional factor demand at the new prices you would get L? (75; 10, 20) = 75 20 10 10+20 2 = 25. 4 Problem 2. (24 points total) Consider a perfectly competitive industry with 10 identical ? rms, each of which has variable costs of 10y 2 and ? xed costs of 1000. We will de? ne the short run as the time scale in which ? rms cannot enter or exit the industry, and cannot avoid their ? xed costs. In other words, in the short run ? rms must continue to pay their ? xed costs even if they produce zero output. ) In the long run, ? rms can enter or exit the industry, and can avoid their ? xed costs by shutting down. (a) (8 points) Compute the short-run inverse supply curve of the ? rm, and the short-run inverse supply curve of the industry, and graph them on the same graph. [Hint: it matters a lot that ? rms can’t avoid their ? xed costs in the short run. ] Each ? rm’s cost function is C(y) = 10y 2 + 1000, and the marginal cost curve is M C = 20y. Normally we say that the inverse supply curve of the ? m is the upward sloping part of the marginal cost curve, above the minimum of the average cost curve, because if the price is below the minimum of the average cost curve, the ? rm will make negative pro? t and will shut down. However, in this case, in the short run, if a ? rm shuts down it will still have to pay its ? xed cost of $1000. As a result, it will continue to produce output even if it is losing money, as long as it does not lose more than $1000. So we need to ? nd the price below which the ? rm will have lose more than $1000. Pro? t is py ? 10y 2 ? 1000 and we want the price below which this is less than ? 1000. To do this we have to plug in the ? rm’s pro? t-maximizing quantity as a function of price, which we get by solving the ? rm’s marginal cost curve p p p 2 to get y ? = 20 , which gives us p 20 ? 10 20 ? 1000 = ? 1000 ? p2 19 = 0 ? p = 0. 40 The ? rm will continue to produce at any positive price rather than shut down and 5 pay its ? xed cost without any revenue. Thus, the ? rm’s inverse supply curve is simply the entire marginal cost curve, p(y) = 20y. To compute the short-run inverse supply curve of the industry we ? rst have to aggregate ? rm supply to industry supply, and to do that we have to have the direct supply curve of the ? m, which we get by solving the inverse supply curve for y to p p get y(p) = 20 . Short-run industry supply is Y (p) = N yj (p) = 10 20 = f racp2. j=1 Solving for p we get the short-run inverse supply curve of the industry, p(Y ) = 2Y . Your graph should look like this: (b) (6 points) Suppose the demand for the industry’s produ ct is de? ned by pd (Y ) = 700 ? 5Y . (i) What will be the short-run equilibrium price and quantity for the industry? Illustrate this equilibrium on a graph. (ii) Explain why this market outcome is an equilibrium in the short run. [Be sure to make reference to the general de? ition of equilibrium in your answer. ] (iii) Is this industry in long-run equilibrium? Explain why or why not. [Again, be sure to make reference to the general de? nition of equilibrium in your answer. ] The short-run market equilibrium is where the quantity demanded at the price paid by consumers is equal to the quantity supplied at the price received by producers, and since, in the absence of a tax, the price paid by consumers is the same as the price paid by producers, we just solve for the intersection of the supply curve and the demand curve: 700 ? 5Y = 2Y ? Y ? = 100. Plugging that into either the demand or the supply curve we get p(Y ) = 200. Your graph should look like this: In general, equilibrium means that no individual agent has an incentive to do anything other than what they are currently doing, which means that the system will 6 not move from the point it is at. In the case of short-run market equilibrium this means that at the market price consumers cannot be made better o? by increasing or decreasing consumption, and ? rms cannot be made better o? by increasing or decreasing production. This is clearly the case at the market equilibrium we have solved for. If consumers increase consumption they will have to pay more for the additional units of the good than the value of those units, and if they consume less they will be giving up units that are worth more to them than they are required to pay for them. In either case, they are made worse o? , and thus have no incentive to change. For ? rms, roughly the same argument applies. If they produce more, the maximum they will be able to charge will be less than the cost of production, and if they produce less they will be giving up units that they were able to sell at a pro? t. In either case, ? ms are worse o? , so they have no incentive to change what they were doing. The industry is in long-run equilibrium. To see this we need to know whether ? rms are earning zero pro? t, and to determine that we need to know something about the ? rm’s average cost curve, which is AC = 10y + 1000 . If we minimize this we ? nd y that the ? rms’ minimum average cost is minAC = 200. And since th is is equal to the price in the current equilibrium, ? rms’ pro? t is (p ? AC)y = 0y = 0. Long-run equilibrium is de? ned as the point at which ? rms will have no incentive to enter or exit the industry. The reason ? ms enter or exit is in response to pro? ts being either positive or negative, so if pro? ts are zero in the industry there will be no incentive to enter or exit, which is to say, no ? rm will have any incentive to do anything di? erent from what they are currently doing. (c) (10 points) Suppose the government imposes a tax of $50 per unit on the ? rms in the industry. (i) Compute the short-run after-tax equlibrium quantity, price paid by consumers, and price received by ? rms, and graph them. (ii) Calculate the change in producer surplus caused by the tax in the short-run. Add it to your graph. iii) Compute the long-run after-tax equilibrium quanitity, price paid by consumers, and price received by ? rms. Add this equilibrium to your graph. How many ? rms will ex it the industry? (iv) Calculate the change in producer surplus caused by the tax in the long-run. Why is this the same or di? erent from your answer to ii above? To compute the short-run after tax equilibrium we need to ? nd the point at which the quantity demanded by consumers, at the price they pay, is equal to the quantity supplied by ? rms at the price they receive. This is the quantity that solves the equation, pd = ps + t, which is to say, 700 ? Y = 2Y + 50 ? YtSR = 92. 9. Plugging this quantity back into the inverse supply curve we get ps = 2  · YtSR = 185. 8, which means the price paid by consumers is pd = ps + t = 185. 8 + 50 = 135. 8. The change in producer surplus is the area to the left of the supply curve between the pre-tax price and the after-tax price received by ? rms. It includes the ? rms’ share of the tax revenue as well as the part of deadweight loss that comes from ? rms. In the case of linear supply it is the area of a parallelagram with height equal to the di? erence between the pre-tax price and the after-tax price received by ? rms, and bases of Y ? nd YtSR , which is ? P SS R = (200 ? 185. 7) 100? 92. 9 = 1379. 2. 2 7 By now your graph should look like this: In an industry with identical ? rms the long-run supply curve is horizontal, which is to say, in long-run equilibrium ? rms will be earning zero pro? t because entry and exit will always drive the price down (or in this case up) to the point where the price is equal to the minimum average cost. Thus, the after-tax price received by ? rms will be ps = 200. Otherwise ? rms would be losing money and would have an incentive to leave the industry, and the industry would not be in long-run equilibrium. Thus, we know that the tax will be passed on entirely to consumers, which means that the price paid by consumers will be pd = ps + t = 200 + 50 = 250. Setting the inverse demand curve equal to that price, we can compute the long-run after-tax equilibrium quantity, 250 = 700 ? 5Y ? YtLR = 90. To determine the number of ? rms in the industry we have to know how much output each ? rm will produce when they are operating at their minimum average cost. We computed the direct supply curve of p the ? rm in part (a), y(p) = 20 , which means that at the minimum of their average cost, minAC = 200, each ? rm will produce 200 = 10 units of output. Since the 20 industry as a whole is producing 90 units, there must be 9 ? rms in the industry. One has exited the industry. Your graph should look like this: In an industry with identical ? rms, by de? nition, the long-run producer surplus is zero. There are two ways to see this. The ? rst is that the long-run supply curve is horizontal, which means that in long-run equilibrium the price is the same as the height of the supply curve, and since producer surplus is the area between the price line and the supply curve, there clearly can be no producer surplus. The other way to see it is to refer to the de? ition of long-run equilibrium in an industry with identical ? rms, which is that all ? rms are earning zero pro? t. The reason this is di? erent from the answer to ii, above, is that in the long-run ? rms can escape the burden of the tax by leaving the industry and going into some other industry that is not taxed. We know that the burden of a tax always falls most heavily on the side of the market that is less able to change it’s behavior to escape the tax, which is to say, the side of the market that is most inelastic. In the long-run, the supply side of the industry is perfectly elastic, and thus bears none of the burden of the tax. 8 How to cite Econ 100a Midterm, Essay examples

Remember the Titans Paper Sample Essay Example For Students

Remember the Titans Paper Sample Essay The squad went through a really ambitious formation stage because there was a batch of opposition to incorporate the school and football squad. White participants were concerned about fring their starting places and were upset that their Head Coach ( Bill Yoast ) was demoted to Assistant Coach. which about caused them to discontinue the squad. The black participants were under a batch of force per unit area as good. being placed in a white school and cognizing that they would be capable to a batch of hatred. Both the new Head Coach ( Herman Boone ) and Coach Yoast ab initio did non desire to take on their new places. We will write a custom essay on Remember the Titans Paper Sample specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now An of import portion of the formation stage that helped the squad come together was when Coach Boone integrated the coachs that were traveling to the football cantonment. Alternatively of leting the participants to take what coach to travel on. Boone split the coachs into violative or defensive sides to instantly do the black and white participants be around each other. Coach Boone besides made the participants bunk with person non of their race and each participant was given an assignment to acquire to cognize person else and describe back to him. Although this caused tenseness. it finally helped the participants realize that they have more in common than differences and began the bonding procedure. Another of import minute of the formation stage occurred when the black leader ( Julius ) and the white squad captain ( Gerry ) confronted each other about the fact that the white participants were non barricading for the black participants and frailty versa. Since they were non executing good or running good dramas. both Julius and Gerry agreed to do certain that everyone would play as a squad. This quotation mark from Coach Boone truly sums-up their formation stage. â€Å" If we don’t come together. you excessively will be destroyed. † One of the first illustrations of primary tenseness that occurred in the movie was when Louie. a white participant. sat down at an all black tabular array during tiffin. This was the first clip that either a black or white participant made an attempt to incorporate without being forced by an grownup. The full squad notices when Louie sits down with the black participants. Some black participants were visibly upset and a white participant across the room yelled. â€Å"traitor. † The tenseness decreases when Louie sings and explains that he is non racist. and so a black participant welcomes him. This first act of seeking to do peace lead the manner for others to experience more comfy in constructing relationships with participants from other races. A 2nd illustration of primary tenseness occurred when they were running dramas on the field during football cantonment. During a really intense pattern. where they were running drills into the eventide with no H2O interruptions. Gerry ( white squad captain ) confronts a black participant because he is non executing good. Gerry yells at the black participant and causes a battle. Although this was a hard state of affairs. it was necessary to set up who the leader was and to convey to everyone’s attending that hapless public presentation will be corrected no affair if you are black or white. Ronnie played an of import care function that helped the squad set up and keep a positive clime. Although Ronnie was white. he was an foreigner. a new pupil from California who did non hold issues with black people. He instantly accepted the black participants and brought a sense of wit on the field and particularly in the cabinet room. The tabular arraies at lunch rapidly became integrated after his reaching. Ronnie besides played an of import function when the participants started the school twelvemonth. He made certain that everyone saw that he accepted the black pupils and helped them get the better of the challenges of being in a white school. .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .postImageUrl , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:hover , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:visited , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:active { border:0!important; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:active , .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7 .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf0a62323f7e4598de9f88f51689131f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Farm Essay ConclusionCoach Yoast besides played a care function to guarantee that there was harmoniousness and just intervention. At times he may hold gone excessively far in being tougher on white participants versus black participants. but it was his purpose to keep a sense of balance. For illustration. Yoast gives Petey another opportunity after doing a bad drama and topographic points him in a different place that benches a white participant. During the regional title game. Yoast sacrifices his hall of fame nomination and a opportunity to go head manager following twelvemonth by disputing the referees who are prefering the opposing squad. Coach Yoast’s ac tion helped win the title and demonstrated that he was willing to make anything for the squad even if it was lead by a black manager. This made all the participants work harder together and back up each other even more. The two major undertaking functions were played out by Gerry and Coach Boone. Their behaviours contributed largely to the achievements of the group’s undertakings. An of import illustration of Gerry’s function was when he told Coach Boone that Ray. a white participant who was the most immune in incorporating. purposefully missed a block during a game. Gerry suggested to Boone that he needed to be kicked off the squad because he is non back uping the black participants. Gerry kicking Ray off the squad was really of import in order for the squad to go on to win non merely because of Ray’s public presentation but besides to take the lone negative participant off the squad. Coach Boone’s part to the team’s achievements was the most instrumental. It was his thought to incorporate the coachs and residence hall suites during cantonment. and it was his leading and coaching that helped them unite and win. There were times when it seemed that he was being excessively tough on the participants. but his rigorous attack did non give the participants much opportunity to oppugn anything and work harder on the field and to do their best attempt to accept each other. He besides guided the squad in how they can get the better of the challenges that they will confront in school and in their community. 9. There are a batch of illustrations of group socialisation throughout the movie. An interesting illustration is when Petey initiates a series of gags about players’ female parents in the cabinet room. The gags broke some tenseness amongst the black and white participants and helped them turn closer through wit. At first. the white participants were non familiar with this type of joking. Making merriment of each other’s female parents was non something they did in their civilization. The dancing modus operandi that the squad did before each game was besides a manner for the squad to come together and pass on to the fans that they fit together. In order to acquire the everyday down. it was likely necessary for them to acquire together and pattern ( something the movie did non demo ) . Gerry besides demonstrated group socialisation when he and other white and black participants were hanging out downtown after a game. He played a cardinal portion in taking the other white participants to disbursement clip with the black participants off the field. His message was clearly stated when stayed with his black teammates downtown and turned down his girlfriend and Ray desiring to go forth to travel to an all white party. After Gerry gets into a auto accident and is hospitalized. he merely asks to talk with Julius and says to a Nurse. â€Å"that’s my brother. † which demonstrates successful group socialisation.

The Holy Trinity and The Isenheim Altarpiece Essay Example For Students

The Holy Trinity and The Isenheim Altarpiece Essay The Holy Trinity by Masaccio was done approximately 1428. It is a superb example of Masaccios use of space and perspective. It consists of two levels of unequal height. Christ is represented on the top half, in a coffered, barrel-vaulted chapel. On one side of him is the Virgin Mary, and on the other, St. John. Christ himself is supported by God the Father, and the Dove of the Holy Spirit rests on Christs halo. In front of the pilasters that enframe the chapel kneel the donors husband and wife. Underneath the altar a masonry insert in the painted composition is a tomb. Inside the tomb is a skeleton, which may represent Adam. The vanishing point is at the center of the masonry altar, because this is the eye level of the spectator, who looks up at the Trinity and down at the tomb. The vanishing point, five feet above the floor level, pulls both views together. By doing this, an illusion of an actual structure is created. The interior volume of this structure is an tension of the space that the person looking at the work is standing in. The adjustment of the spectator to the pictured space is one of the first steps in the development of illusionistic painting. Illusionistic painting fascinated many artists of the Renaissance and Baroque periods. The proportions in this painting are so numerically exact that one can actually calculate the numerical dimensions of the chapel in the background. The span of the painted vault is seven feet, and the depth is nine feet. Thus, he achieves not only successful illusion, but a rational, metrical coherence that, by maintaining the mathematical proportions of the surface design, is responsible for the unity and harmony of this monumental composition. Two principal interests are summed up by The Holy Trinity: Realism based on observation, and the application of mathematics to pictorial organization. All of the figures are fully clothed, except for that of Christ himself. He is, however, wearing a robe around his waist. The figure is real; it is a good example of a human body. The rest of the figures, who are clothed, are wearing robes. The drapery contains heavy folds and creases, which increases the effect of shadows. The human form in its entirety is not seen under the drapery; only a vague representation of it is seen. It is not at all like the wet-drapery of Classical antiquity. Massacio places the forms symmetrically in the composition. Each has its own weight and mass, unlike earlier Renaissance works. The fresco is calm, and creates a sad mood. The mood is furthered by the darkness of the work, and the heavy shadows cast. Grunewalds The Isenheim Altarpiece is an oil painting on wood, completed in 1515. The altar is composed of a carved wooden shrine with two pairs of movable panels, one directly in back of the other. The outermost scene is the Crucifixion; on the inside there are two others. On the two sides,  two saints are represented St. Sebastian on the left, and St. Anthony on the right. Together, these saints established the theme of disease and healing that is reinforced by the inner paintings. On the bottom of the panel, when opened, it appears that Christs legs were amputated; possibly an allusion to ergotism, a disease treated in the hospital where the altarpiece was kept. An image of the terrible suffering of Christ is in the middle. The suffering body hangs against the dark background, which falls all the way to the earth. The flesh is discolored by decomposition and is studded with the thorns of the lash. His blackening feet twist in agony, as do his arms. His head is to one side, and his fingers appear as crooked spikes. The shuddering tautness of Christs nerves is expressed through the positions of his fingers. Up to this point, no other artist has ever produced such an image of pain. The sharp, angular shapes of anguish appear in the figures of the swooning Virgin and St. John, and in the shrill delirium of the Magdalene. On the other side, John the Baptist, a gaunt form, points a finger at the body of the dead Christ. .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .postImageUrl , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:hover , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:visited , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:active { border:0!important; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:active , .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57 .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7624ec07bbfa2fa9ca65a54f74e43c57:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Painting Styles EssayEven though death and suffering are dominant in the altarpiece, there are symbols of hope: The river behind St. John, which represents baptism, and the wine-red sky which symbolizes the blood of Christ. Through these bols, a hope of salvation is offered to the viewer. The use of space is ambiguous in some places: All of the forms are at the same general depth in the painting. However, none of the forms are tangled, or intertwining. Therefore, the space is not badly used. Once again, all of the forms except for that of Christ are fully clothed. Christ is again wearing a small robe around his waist. The other forms are depicted superbly. Their bodies are not lost behind the drapery which they wear, yet they are not seen exactly either. The folds are more delicate, which create a calmer mood. Christs description was already given. The forms are three dimensional, and also have weight. They clearly take up space, and where they are is clearly defined. As in The Holy Trinity, the composition is generally symmetrical, centered around the body of Christ. It is a frightful composition, because of the events taking place. Expression is shown on all of the figures, who grieve Christs death. Overall, the two works are very similar. Masaccio, however, was more interested in the mathematical aspects of painting than Grunewald. Both works are superb, and have their own distinct qualities.

Bolsa Chica Wetlands Essay Example

Bolsa Chica Wetlands Paper We will be discussing the importance of maintaining the Wetlands, for the sake Of the environment and the species that inhabit the Wetlands, as some of the species are almost extinct and the battle that exists teen the environmentalists and the Land Development Companies. There is currently a proposed residential development by Hardiest Homes Company that could critically harm the habitat while adding contaminated runoff, traffic and pollution problems associated with additional housing. There are currently eight state and federal agencies currently involved with the planning and environmental compliance processes necessary to design and obtain regulatory permits for the Restoration Project involving the Bolas Chic Wetlands. This project will provide the best ecologically appropriate estimation for the wetland and all the combined species. History The Wetlands Reserve was formed through an agreement between the Amigos De Bolas Chic and the Signal Bolas Corporation (Bolas Chic Ecological Reserve). The Bolas Chic Conservancy is a non-profit organization that assists the Operation of the reserve. In 1978, new culverts were installed, and allowed the wetlands to be reconnected to the ocean, which in turn, brought back the salt marsh, as it had been before. In 1 989 the reserves became a freshwater marsh when access to the ocean was dike off, and the salt water was not allowed to influx (Bolas Chic, 2004). In 1992 the Kohl Development Company proposed to build over 4,800 houses on the wetlands, and in response volunteers created The Bolas Chic Land Trust to counter the proposed development. We will write a custom essay sample on Bolsa Chica Wetlands specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bolsa Chica Wetlands specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bolsa Chica Wetlands specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In 1 993, the Bolas Chic Land Trust group sought support from the Sierra Club to oppose developing the Wetlands. The Bolas Chic Campaign was formed and volunteers met twice weekly to strategies against Kohl Development. In 1 996, the Sierra Club was involved in a lawsuit with the Bolas Chic Land Trust, which challenged the countys decision for violating the California Coastal Act by approving the Kohl Companys velveteen of the housing for the Wetlands. In 1997, the State of California purchased 900 acres Of wetland from Kohl Development, and in 1999, the Land Trust won the Court Appeal decision that protected the Wetlands, termed the the Bolas Chic Decision, stating that real estate developers could not disturb the habitat for proceeding with their projects. Hardiest Homes in 2000, tried to create a plan to build 1 ,265 houses on the Wetlands Mesa, and the Coastal Commission voted that the 1,265 houses would be allowed to be built on the upper bench of the Mesa, but as a tradeoff the rower bench or Wetlands could not be touched. In 2002 Proposition 50 passed stating that the state purchases no less than 100 acres of the Bolas Chic Mesa. In 2004, State Lands Commission agreed to purchase 103 acres of the lower bench of the Wetlands with the contingency, that the Coastal Commission approves Heath sides plan to build 379 houses on reduced parcel of 65 acres on the upper bench. In 2005, 1 18 acre portion of Bolas Chic was purchased by the State of California for $65 million with funds from Proposition 50. What are Wetlands? Generally, wetlands are lands where saturation with water is the dominant actor determining the nature of soil development and the types of plant and animal communities living in the soil and on its surface (California wetland, 1998). In addition, the term wetlands means those areas that are inundated or saturated by surface Water or groundwater at a frequency and duration sufficient to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands may be covered periodically or permanently with shallow water and which includes saltwater marshes, freshwater marshes, open or closed rakish water marshes, swamps, mudflats, fens, and vernal pools (California wetland, 1998). Wetlands are also places where children and biologist can go and learn about the environment, while providing a home for many types of habitat and creatures that have slowly disappeared as development erases history. Why Should Wetlands Be protected? Such areas need to be protected, because as developers continue to build homes in the vicinity, many of the animals that have lived there many years are forced to move because they have no place to go. Wetlands are more than just a place for habitat; they also protect the environment in such a way hat filters and cleans water, prevent soil erosion, and provide flood control among numerous other benefits (California wetland, 1998). Developers must understand and see beyond the dollar signs because as they continue construction in the area they are destroying part of history and wildlife. In addition, general public need to protect wetlands because it enhances marine habitat for the costal areas providing more resources of fish. The increased quality and quantity of open water and inter-tidal mudflat habitats would provide habitat for migratory shorebirds, seabirds, and waterfowl. A lately and diverse aquatic community Of marine and estuarine invertebrates and fishes would become established in the full and muted tidal basins. The full tidal basin would provide nursery habitat for the California halibut. Nesting habitat for the state- and federal-listed endangered California least tern and the federal-listed threatened western snowy plover would be increased. Additionally, these areas would provide nesting habitat for a variety of other water-associated birds. Cord grass habitat would expand and is expected to support nesting by the state- and federal-listed endangered light-footed clapper rail. Pickle weed salt marsh habitat would be enhanced. Nesting territory for the state-listed endangered Beltings Savannah sparrow would expand. Increased quality of salt marsh vegetation may improve habitat value for the salt marsh shrew. A diverse wetlands ecosystem would result from the preservation of non tidal habitats including seasonal ponds/sand flats and perennial brackish ponds. upgrades to the Lowlands would indirectly benefit surrounding land uses by providing improved passive use and visual enhancement. 1 1) New and enhanced public access opportunities would result. The tidal inlet Cord grass habitat would expand. Addition of construction jobs and increases in visitors to the area could benefit the local economy. The tidal influence would reduce the potential for mosquito problems (Coastal Conservancy, 2004). What happens to the wetlands if not preserved/restored? It is vital for California to preserve its wetlands because it is a source of fresh water for many species that inhabit the land. Many of the species are unique to the wetlands and without it they cannot sustain life and will vanish. In the asses and 1 9705 in California, many of our wetlands were developed due to regress and arbitration, leaving roughly 10 percent of the states wetlands undeveloped (EPA 2006). This was in part due to ignorance and not knowing the environmental damage and impact on the life that inhabits the wetlands. There are two types of wetlands: coastal and inland. The Bolas Chic is considered to be a coastal and would generally be described as a marsh, bog, or swamp (Watersheds 2004). Oil drilling will continue its presence and along with that the continued contamination of soil and vegetation that surrounds the wells. The IS. S. Fish Wildlife had an ERA (Ecological Risk Assessment) and determined that significant damage to plant and wildlife was thriving and will continue presenting a risk if changes were not made. Food chain exposure is the term used by the U. S. Fish Wildlife, which basically means; the rodent eats the contaminated vegetation and the bird eats the rodent who has eaten the vegetation. The water runoff from the contaminated soil comes in contact with the fish and the fish are eaten by the birds. As you can see its a cycle that will continue unless the wells are capped and the soil cleaned. It is imperative that we preserve and restore the Bolas Chic wetlands for he near extinct species that will make a thriving comeback and also to sustain the plant and animal life that already exist. Restoring the Bolas Chic wetlands will allow a sanctuary for the many birds that migrate south to nest and breed to create life and to keep its species thriving. The goal is to return the wetlands to its pre-1900 condition as a major wildlife stop where millions of birds travel, to rest, feed, and nest (Greengages 2006). The species that inhabit the Wetlands Each year millions of shore birds and waterfowl migrate along North Americas western coastline; this is called The River of Migrating Birds (Bolas 2004). The migration creates a river of birds stretching between North American breeding areas and South American wintering areas. It is called the Pacific Flyaway and is one of four major migratory bird pathways (Bolas 2004). If the Bolas Chic wetlands are not preserved and restored, birds that migrate to South America for the winter will have a lesser chance of reaching their final destination. In the united States over one-third of its endangered species live only in wetlands, and almost half use wetlands at some point in their lives (Watersheds 2006). There are many other plants and animals that depend on wetlands for their survival. For example estuarine and marine fish and shellfish, various birds and certain mammals depend on coastal wetlands for their survival. Most commercial and game fish breed and raise their young in these marshes and estuaries (EPA 2006). Menhaden, flounder, sea trout, spot, croaker, and striped bass are some of the more popular fish the largely rely on coastal wetlands. Shrimp, oysters, clams, and blue and Denseness crabs need wetlands for food, shelter, and for their breeding grounds. Migratory waterfowl use coastal and inland wetlands as resting, feeding breeding, and nesting grounds for at least part of the year. What are the environmental factors? In 1 996 the City of Huntington Beach adopted a General Plan, it was the comprised of 1 6 separate elements. They consist of: cultural resources, economic development, and growth of management and public facilities to increase environmental recourses as well as increase air quality, coastal usage also to reduce the noise and hazardous materials. Wetlands, like rain forest and coral reefs, are as important in simulating oxygen and carbon cycles. The California Coastal Commission estimates that a healthy salt marsh produces five to ten times as much oxygen and equivalent carbohydrates per Cree as a wheat field. This circulation from the bases of the wetlands produces the food web. The food is consumed by hundreds of species, creating a vast food web from fish, birds, to humans. From his book Bring Back Wetlands, wetlands expert Bill Stresses writes Wetlands can reduce the effect Of floods by temporarily storing floodwater and detaining the flow of water through the sponging effect of the soil and the barrier effect of vegetation. After absorbing and detaining this water, wetlands slowly release it. Shirley Doolittle, an environmentalist and former Huntington Beach inoculation and former State Coastal Commission member said, This is the group that has believed in this project for thirty years, and to hopefully see this project become a reality will truly be a dream come true. While the former councilwomen along with the citizens were very excited about the possibility of restoring the wetlands, you could still find others opposing and protesting this event.